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while loop is a pre-checking loop. This means a condition is
evaluated before an iteration is performed. The general form of
a while statement is as follows:
'while' '('<bexpr>')' <stmt>
<bexpr> is also called a precondition. <stmt>
executes if and only if <bexpr<> evaluates to true. However,
after <stmt> executes, <bexpr> is evaluated again to
see if another iteration is necessary.